Jefferson Fracture

A Jefferson fracture is a burst fracture of the ring of the first cervical vertebra into multiple pieces with protrusion of pieces into the spinal canal. It is named Jefferson from Sir Geoffrey Jefferson, a neurologist and neurosurgeon, whom discovered it in 1920. Jefferson fractures are usually caused by a hyperextension of neck the or hard impact to the back of head and neck area. A diving accident in shallow water, high fall, or roll over motor vehicle accidents are the most common causes of c-1 fractures. Over one third of victims of a Jefferson fracture also have a related c-2 atlas fracture.

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c-1 fx

Plain radiographs, CT, and MRI are all used in the diagnosis of Jefferson fractures. They can affect anyone of any age but are rare in children. Neck pain is the number one complaint of patients. The extent of fracture damage determines the course of treatment. Treatment can range from wearing a soft or hard collar to surgery depending on the extent of impairment of the patient.

CT image Jefferson Fracture